Virchow also contributed substantially to anthropology, paleontology, and archeology. It should be noted that even men of great accomplishment, like Virchow, are fallible.
Virchow believed that the Neanderthal man was a modern Homo sapiens , whose deformations were caused by rickets in childhood and arthritis later in life, with the flattened skull due to powerful blows to the head.
Subsequent discoveries and research showed that the Neanderthals are, indeed, ancient. Suggested citation for this article : Schultz M.
Photo quiz. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Emerg Infect Dis v. Emerg Infect Dis. Myron Schultz. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author. Keywords: pathology, cell pathology, pathologic anatomy, Rudolf Virchow, photo quiz. Copyright notice. See " Photo Quiz " in volume 14 on page Open in a separate window.
Footnotes Suggested citation for this article : Schultz M. Virchow, Rudolf, Rudolf Virchow: collected essays on public health and epidemiology. He used his studies of craniometry as a scientific basis to combat what he called "Nordic mysticism," the idea that the Aryan race was more intelligent or somehow superior to other races.
Virchow was also a politician, serving in the German Reichstag from , using his position to advocate for public healthcare projects. He was opposed to what he regarded as Otto von Bismark's excessive military expenditures. This so angered the Iron Chancellor that he challenged Virchow to a duel.
According to legend, Virchow chose as weapons two pork sausages, one of which was infected with the larvae of the roundworm Trichinella. The combatants would each choose and eat a sausage. Bismark reportedly then refused to participate. Many prior theories had not been based on scientific observations and experiments. At a young age, Virchow already exhibited extraordinary intellectual abilities, and his parents paid for extra lessons to advance Virchow's education.
Virchow attended the local elementary school at Shivelbein and was the best student in his class in high school. In , Virchow was awarded a scholarship to study medicine from the Prussian Military Academy, which would prepare him to become an army physician.
After graduating in , Virchow became an intern at a German teaching hospital in Berlin, where he learned the basics of microscopy and the theories on the causes and treatment of diseases while working with Robert Froriep, a pathologist.
At the time, scientists believed that they could understand nature by working from first principles rather than concrete observations and experiments. As such, many theories were incorrect or misleading. Virchow aimed to change medicine to become more scientific, based on data gathered from the world. Virchow became a licensed doctor in , traveling to Austria and Prague. In , he became an instructor at the University of Berlin.
Virchow had a profound impact on German medicine and taught a number of people who would later become influential scientists, including two of the four physicians who founded Johns Hopkins Hospital. Virchow also began a new journal called Archives for Pathological Anatomy and Physiology and Clinical Medicine with a colleague in In , Virchow helped evaluate typhus outbreaks in Silesia, a poor area in what is now Poland.
In , Virchow became the first director of the Pathological Institute at the University of Berlin. Alongside his research, Virchow remained active in politics, and in was elected as the city councilor of Berlin, a position he held for 42 years. In , Virchow was recognized for 50 years of service to the University of Berlin.
In , Virchow jumped out of a moving tram and injured his hip. His health continued to deteriorate until his death later that year. Virchow married Rose Mayer, the daughter of a colleague, in Virchow was given a number of awards during his lifetime for both his scientific and political accomplishments, including:. A number of medical terms have also been named after Virchow.
Virchow died on September 5, in Berlin, Germany, due to heart failure.
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